Basics on repositories

Create a repository

To create a new repository into an existing directory:

Clone a repository

By cloning a repository the exact copy of the repository is obtained. To clone an existing repository:

Get the status of the repository

To get the current status of a repository:

Commit

To commit files into a repository:

1. first add the files to the stage area
2. then commit the files from the stage area to the repository

The stage area is a place where you put the files you are going to put into the next commit.

Stage files

To add <files> to the stage area:

Actual commit

To commit staged files, into a repository with a "<commit message>", specifing the author of changes contained in the commit:

To commit a modified file without staging it:

Basic configuration

Set the editor

If the "<commit message>" is empty git can automatically show an editor to fill the commit message. To set which editor to use (on bash)

Set the commit author

To set the author (and avoid to specify it on commit message).

The environment variables GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL override the settings made with previous commands

Basic repository information

Log

To see the list of commits:

Commit details

To see details of a certain commit

Used without <commit number> shows the details of the last commit

Differences

git diff used without argument perform a comparison between staged area and working copy.

Basic repository changes

Remove a file

Remove a file from the repository is a 2 steps procedure:

1. remove the file with git rm <file>
2. commit the change

Rename a file

To rename a file in the repository there are 2 possibilities:

1. Manually rename the file, remove the old filename from the repository and then commit the renamed file
2. Use git mv <file> and the committing the change

Change last commit

To change the last commit

Remove staged files

To remove files from the stage area:

To overwrite changes

To overwrite file changes with the content of the last version committed